Declaration as a form of diplomatic document: its composition and style.

INTRODUCTION

Mode
world is characterized by the rapid development of inte
ational relations. This fact has aroused an increased diplomatic activity. The main purpose of diplomats from different countries is to build a new type of inte
ational relationship based on legal foundation.
It should be emphasized that a significant role in the creation of a new inte
ational order based on the principles of law is played by various UN agencies. A huge work made in this sphere is often embodied in the form of inte
ational agreements and declarations.
Declarations as a type of official document have a long story. Declarations adopted in different epochs reflect the needs and aspirations of that time as well as include the principles and norms topical in any time. Because of this fact declarations are subject of studies in different fields of science.
For linguistics this type of inte
ational agreement is interesting first of all as a specific document written in the style of official documents that has its lexical, grammatical and structural peculiarities. However, the language is changing and all types of documents including declarations reflect these changes. Therefore studying the linguistic features of declaration remains a topical issue.
The purpose of our research is to identify the specifics of the declaration conce
ing its linguistic and structural aspects. The study includes the solution of the following tasks:
- to analyze theoretical material on the issue;
- to give the definition of declaration as a specific type of document in the sphere of inte
ational relations;
- to examine the texts of four declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at different stages of its history;
- to reveal the structural composition of declarations;
- to investigate lexical and grammatical features of declarations.

1.1 Substyle of diplomatic documents

The style of official documents deals with administrative and legal regulations of social activity. Official documents represent records of political, economic and business relations between states, organizations and individuals. The style of diplomatic documents is an integral part of the style of official documents [4, 431]. This style is used in the sphere of inte
ational relations including economic, political, legal and cultural aspects.
Diplomacy is the art of settling inte
ational disputes by peaceful means. The term “diplomacy” also implies the techniques and skills, which exert influence upon inte
ational relations in a positive way [3, 6].
The notion “language of diplomacy” includes two aspects: on the one hand, it is the language of official relations between different countries; on the other hand, it is a complex of special terms and phrases that make up the conventional diplomatic vocabulary.
In the past French used to be a common language of diplomatic relations, but nowadays there is no language with the official status of being the only common language of inte
ational agreements. In spite of this fact English being considered as a global language, is often used in the sphere of diplomacy.
The style of diplomacy is characterized by the following features:
- precision that prevents ambiguous interpretation;
- standardisation
- prescriptive nature of the content
- use of imperative linguistic means (for example the verb shall);
- impersonality of the language, lack of expressiveness and emotionality

CONCLUSION

Summarizing our study we can draw the following conclusions.
1. Declaration is the type of inte
ational agreement of legally obligatory or legally nonobligatory character. The main purpose of a declaration is to express the intentions of the parties.
2. There are a number of differences in the declarations of various periods conce
ing their structure and language, but these documents also have many common features.
3. Declarations are characterized by a specific structure, which includes the preamble containing background information on the document, the main part containing detailed information on the issue and concluding clauses containing some information about the regulations of entering into force for declarations or some regulations for their interpretation. It is to be mentioned, that the preamble and the main part are obligatory parts of declarations while concluding clauses are not. The main part consists of articles divided into separate clauses. The articles can be grouped in parts. Some declarations may also include an annex.
4. To the lexical features belong the use of special terms of inte
ational relations and inte
ational law, abbreviations, bookish vocabulary and clichés. To the general-literary vocabulary of declarations belong the words pertaining to human rights and social development: human/human being, freedom, equal, justice, right, social/society, to protect, peace, progress, development, nation/national, education, political, public, limitation, discrimination, etc.