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What does a 21st century engineer need to know? To attempt an answer, let's briefly examine some of the new capabilities that are shaping the future of engineering - terascale, nanoscale, complexity, cognition, and holism. Because science and technology are transforming forces, it will be these emerging fields, the unpredicted territories, that will change and expand our capabilities as engineers and innovators. Reasonable people can argue about whether or not these are the right ones, but they seem an appropriate starting point
Terascale. This new capability takes us three orders of magnitude beyond present general-purpose and generally accessible computing capabilities. In the past, our system architectures could handle hundreds of processors. Now we are working with systems of 10 000 processors. In a very short time, we'll be con¬necting millions of systems and billions of "information appliances" to the Inte
et. Crossing that boundary of one trillion, operations per second will launch us toward new frontiers.
Nanoscale. This advance will take us three orders of magnitude below the size of most of today's human-made devices. Nanostructures are at the confluence of the smallest of human-made devices and the large molecules of living systems, letting us imagine connecting machines to living cells. Nanotechnology lets us manipulate matter one atom or molecule at a time.
Complexity. Mitch Waldrop writes in his book, Complexity, about a point "where the components of a system never quite lock into place, and yet never quite dissolve into turbulence, either...." It's often called the edge of chaos. If we look at science and engineering, we disce
this zone of transformation at many scales, in many disciplines, and in the most unexpected places.
For example, researchers are trying to wed polymers to silicon—a marriage of opposites, because plastics are chaotic chains while silicon consists of orderly...